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Lucy Stone (August 13, 1818 – October 19, 1893) was a prominent American orator, abolitionist, and suffragist, and a vocal advocate and organizer promoting rights for women.〔Electronic Oberlin Group. ''Oberlin: Yesterday, Today, Tomorrow...'' (Lucy Stone (1818-1893) ). Retrieved on May 9, 2009.〕 In 1847, Stone became the first woman from Massachusetts to earn a college degree. She spoke out for women's rights and against slavery at a time when women were discouraged and prevented from public speaking. Stone was known for using her maiden name after marriage, as the custom was for women to take their husband's surname. Stone's organizational activities for the cause of women's rights yielded tangible gains in the difficult political environment of the 19th century. Stone helped initiate the first National Women's Rights Convention and she supported and sustained it annually, along with a number of other local, state and regional activist conventions. Stone spoke in front of a number of legislative bodies to promote laws giving more rights to women. She assisted in establishing the Woman's National Loyal League to help pass the Thirteenth Amendment and thereby abolish slavery, after which she helped form the American Woman Suffrage Association, which built support for a woman suffrage Constitutional amendment by winning woman suffrage at the state and local levels. Stone wrote extensively about a wide range of women's rights, publishing and distributing speeches by herself and others, and convention proceedings. In the long-running and influential〔''Dorchester Atheneum''. (Lucy Stone, 1818-1893 ). "Perhaps Lucy Stone's greatest contribution was in founding and largely financing the weekly newspaper of the American Woman Suffrage Association, the Woman's Journal." Retrieved on May 9, 2009.〕 ''Woman's Journal'', a weekly periodical that she founded and promoted, Stone aired both her own and differing views about women's rights. Called "the orator",〔Spender, 1982, p. 348.〕 the "morning star"〔Hays, 1961, p. 81.〕 and the "heart and soul"〔Million, 2003, p. 161.〕 of the women's rights movement, Stone influenced Susan B. Anthony to take up the cause of women's suffrage.〔Hays, p. 88; Million, pp. 132, 296n.9〕 Elizabeth Cady Stanton wrote that "Lucy Stone was the first person by whom the heart of the American public was deeply stirred on the woman question."〔Blackwell, 1930, p. 94.〕 Together, Anthony, Stanton, and Stone have been called the 19th-century "triumvirate" of women's suffrage and feminism.〔Library of Congress. American Memory. American Women, Manuscript Division. (''Women's Suffrage: The Early Leaders''. ) Retrieved on May 13, 2009.〕〔Riegel, Robert Edgar. (''American Women.'' ), Associated University Presses, 1970, p. 220. ISBN 0-8386-7615-4〕 ==Early life and influences== Lucy Stone was born on August 13, 1818, on her family's farm at Coy's Hill in West Brookfield, Massachusetts. She was the eighth of nine children born to Hannah Matthews and Francis Stone; she grew up with three brothers and three sisters, two siblings having died before her own birth. Another member of the Stone household was Sarah Barr, “Aunt Sally” to the children– a sister of Francis Stone who had been abandoned by her husband and left dependent upon her brother. Although farm life was hard work for all and Francis Stone tightly managed the family resources, Lucy remembered her childhood as one of “opulence,” the farm producing all the food the family wanted and enough extra to trade for the few store-bought goods they needed.〔Million, 2003, p. 6.〕 Although Stone recalled that “There was only one will in our family, and that was my father’s,” she described the family government characteristic of her day. Hannah Stone earned a modest income through selling eggs and cheese but was denied her any control over that money, sometimes denied money to purchase things Francis considered trivial. Believing she had a right to her own earnings, Hannah sometimes stole coins from his purse or secretly sold a cheese. As a child, Lucy resented instances of what she saw as her father’s unfair management of the family’s money. But she later came to realize that custom was to blame, and the injustice only demonstrated “the necessity of making custom right, if it must rule.”〔Million, 2003, pp. 11, 282 note 19.〕 From the examples of her mother, Aunt Sally, and a neighbor neglected by her husband and left destitute, Stone early learned that women were at the mercy of their husbands’ good will. When she came across the biblical passage, “and thy desire shall be to thy husband, and he shall rule over thee,” she was distraught over what appeared to be divine sanction of women’s subjugation, but then reasoned that the injunction applied only to wives. Resolving to “call no man my master,” she determined to keep control over her own life by never marrying, obtaining the highest education she could, and earning her own livelihood.〔Million, 2003, pp. 11-13.〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Lucy Stone」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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